Cu alloy material, method of manufacturing Cu alloy conductor using the same, Cu alloy conductor obtained by the method, and cable or trolley wire using the Cu alloy conductor

ABSTRACT

A method of manufacturing a Cu alloy conductor comprises the steps of: adding and dissolving In of 0.1-0.7 weight % to a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm) to form a molten Cu alloy, performing a continuous casting with the molten Cu alloy, rapidly quenching a casting material to a temperature by at least 15° C. or more lower than a melting point of molten Cu alloy, controlling the casting material at a temperature equal to or lower than 900° C., and performing a plurality of hot rolling processes to the casting material such that a temperature of a final hot rolling is within a range of from 500 to 600° C. to form the rolled material.

The present application is based on Japanese patent applications No.2003-365234 and No. 2004-211603, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a Cu alloy material of highconductivity and high strength used in a Cu alloy conductor for anelectric overhead wire (a trolley wire) which transmits electric powerto a train through a pantograph or the like, or in a Cu alloy conductorfor a cable which is used in devices or the like, and a method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor using the same.

2. Background of the Related Art

In a Cu alloy conductor for an electric overhead wire (trolley wire) ora Cu alloy conductor for a cable which is used in devices or the like, ahard Cu wire of high conductivity or a Cu alloy material (a Cu alloywire) of wear resistance and heat resistance is used. The material knownas a Cu alloy material is a Cu matrix with Sn of 0.25-0.35 weight %contained (refer to Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 59-43332),which is used as a trolley wire of a bullet train or a conventionalrailway line.

In recent years, the further speedup of a train has been developed. Thisspeedup requires a higher tension of an overhead trolley wire, and thetension of the electric overhead wire tends to be increased from 1.5 tto 2.0 t or more. Therefore, there is a demand for a trolley wire withsufficient strength against the high tension. Moreover, a large currentcapacity of the trolley wire is required in a railway track having ahigh train-passing density (the number of trains passing in a railwaytrack per unit length).

Additionally, a cable for an instrument is desirably a conductor of highflexibility in terms of the environment to be used, that is, a conductorof high strength. A cable for an instrument is also desirably aconductor of high electric conductivity to satisfy the demands for alighter and smaller cable.

Therefore, a Cu alloy conductor of high strength and high electricconductivity is required as a conductor to satisfy the demands describedabove.

As Cu alloy conductors of high strength, there are mainly two alloyssuch as a solid solution-strengthening alloy and aprecipitation-strengthening alloy. As the solid solution-strengtheningalloy, there is a Cu—Ag alloy (a silver of high concentration), a Cu—Snalloy, a Cu—Sn—In alloy, a Cu—Mg alloy, a Cu—Sn—Mg alloy or the like. Asthe precipitation-strengthening alloy there is a Cu—Zr alloy, a Cu—Cralloy, a Cu—Cr—Zr alloy or the like.

Since each of the solid solution-strengthening alloys contains oxygen of10 weight ppm or less (0.001 weight % or less) , and is superior inelongation characteristic as well as strength, it is possible todirectly manufacture a Cu alloy roughing wire which is a base materialof a trolley wire from the molten Cu alloy through a continuous castingand rolling process.

In a method of manufacturing a conventional trolley wire using a solidsolution-strengthening alloy, for instance, a casting material of a Cualloy which contains Sn of 0.4-0.7 weight % is hot-rolled at atemperature equal to or lower than 700° C. to produce a rolled material.There is a method of manufacturing a trolley wire by performing afinished rolling process to the rolled material at a temperature equalto or lower than 500° C. once again and through a heat treatment processto produce a roughing wire, and then, by performing the roughing wire toa wire-drawing process (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent PublicationNo. 6-240426)

In addition, as another Cu alloy capable of a continuous casting androlling, there is a Cu—O—Sn alloy. In this alloy, Sn exists as 2-3 μmcrystallized particles (SnO₂) inside of the matrix thereof, and it isnoted that the strength and elongation characteristics of this alloy areequivalent to those of a Cu—Sn alloy containing oxygen content of 10 ppmor less by weight. This alloy also has a stronger effect of solidsolution-strengthening than an effect of precipitation strengthening orof dispersion strengthening.

As a solid solution-strengthening alloy contains more contents of solidsolution-strengthening elements, the alloy can improve strength themore. However, as the electric conductivity extremely decreases withmore elements contained in the alloy, it is impossible to increase thecurrent capacity, and as a result the alloy is not appropriate for useof an electric overhead wire. In the method of manufacturing a Cu alloyaccording to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-240426, forinstance, Sn content contained in the alloy is 0.4-0.7 weight %, whichis a large amount, and accordingly the electric conductivity isdecreased. Therefore, it is difficult to manufacture a Cu alloyconductor with strength required in a high-tension overhead wire, aswell as with superior electric conductivity by the present Cu—Sn alloy.

At this point, it is assumed that an electric overhead wire of highstrength and high electric conductivity is obtained by adding anotherelement with Sn. In this case, there are problems that when atemperature of finish rolling (final rolling) is too low, for example500° C., a rolled material is often broken in a rolling process and theappearance quality of a roughing wire is extremely low and therefore thestrength of an electric overhead wire becomes extremely low.

On the contrary, a precipitation-strengthening alloy has a high degreeof hardness and a high tensile strength, but in a continuous casting androlling process, such high degree of the hardness applies excessive loadto a mill roll, which does not allow a manufacture by continuous castingand rolling. This alloy can be manufactured only in a batch type byextrusion or the like. Additionally, the precipitation-strengtheningalloy needs a heat treatment in order to separate aprecipitation-strengthening material out in the intermediate process.The precipitation-strengthening alloy has problems with low productivityand high manufacturing cost, as compared to a solidsolution-strengthening alloy which can be manufactured by a continuouscasting and rolling process.

Namely there are restrictions and limitations in manufacturing a Cualloy conductor of high strength and high electric conductivity by usinga method of continuous casting and rolling, which is excellent inproductivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a Cu alloy material that hashigh electric conductivity and high strength.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor using the same.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a Cu alloyconductor obtained by the method; and

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cable or atrolley wire using the Cu alloy conductor.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a Cu alloymaterial comprises a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight %(10-1000 weight ppm), Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %, and at least a kind of anadditive element of 0.01-0.7 weight % having a larger affinity withoxygen than the Sn, wherein a ratio of a sum of the Sn and the additiveelement is 0.3-0.8 weight %.

The additive element may preferably contain at least a kind of anelement to be selected out of Ca, Mg, Li, Al, Ti, Si, V, Mn, Zn, In orAg, or a compound thereof.

The Cu matrix may preferably, besides the Sn and the additive element,contain P or B equal to or less than 0.01 weight % (100 weight ppm).

The Cu matrix may preferably, besides the Sn and the additive element,contain a sum of P and B equal to or less than 0.02 weight % (200 weightppm).

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor with use of a rolled material formedin a continuous casting and rolling process by using a molten Cu alloy,comprises the steps of:

-   -   adding and dissolving Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %, and at least a        kind of an additive element of 0.01-0.7 weight % having a larger        affinity with oxygen than the Sn, wherein a ratio of a sum of        the Sn and the additive element of 0.3-0.8 weight %, to a Cu        matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight        ppm) to form the molten Cu alloy;    -   performing a continuous casting with the molten Cu alloy, as        well as rapidly quenching a casting material to a temperature at        least 15° C. lower than a melting point of the molten Cu alloy;    -   controlling the casting material at a temperature equal to or        lower than 900° C.; and    -   performing a plurality of hot rolling processes to the casting        material such that a temperature of a final hot rolling is        within a range of from 500 to 600° C. to form the rolled        material.

It is preferable to form the Cu alloy conductor by performing a coldwork to the rolled material at a temperature within a range of from −193to 100° C. in a degree of the processing equal to or more than 50%.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a Cu alloyconductor comprises:

-   -   a Cu alloy material, comprising:    -   a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000        weight ppm), Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %, and at least a kind of an        additive element of 0.01-0.7 weight % having a larger affinity        with oxygen than the Sn, wherein a ratio of a sum of the Sn and        the additive element is 0.3-0.8 weight %, wherein:    -   an average particle diameter of crystal particles forming a        crystal structure is equal to or less than 100 μm; and    -   80% or more of oxides of an element having the largest affinity        with oxygen out of the additive elements is dispersed in a        crystal structure matrix as micro oxides an average particle        diameter of which is equal to or 1 μm.

The Cu alloy conductor may preferably have tension strength that isequal to or more than 420 MPa, and the electric conductivity that isequal to or more than 60% IACS.

A cable comprises an insulating layer disposed around a single-trackmaterial or a twisted wire material made of the Cu alloy conductoraccording to the third aspect.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a Cu alloymaterial comprises a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight %(10-1000 weight ppm), wherein In of 0.1-0.7 weight % is contained.

The Cu matrix may contain P or B of equal to or less than 0.01 weight %(100 weight ppm) in addition to the In.

Moreover, the Cu alloy material may contain a sum of P and B, which isequal to or less than 0.02 weight % (200 weight ppm) in addition to theIn.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor with use of a rolled material formedin a continuous casting and rolling process by using a molten Cu alloy,comprises the steps:

-   -   adding and dissolving In of 0.1-0.7 weight % to a Cu matrix        containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm) to        form the molten Cu alloy;    -   performing a continuous casting with the molten Cu alloy, as        well as rapidly quenching casting material to a temperature at        least 15° C. lower than a melting point of the molten Cu alloy;    -   controlling the casting material at a temperature equal to or        lower than 900° C.; and    -   performing a plurality of hot rolling processes to the casting        material such that a temperature of a final hot rolling is        within a range of from 500 to 600° C. to form the rolled        material.

It is preferable to form the Cu alloy conductor by performing a coldwork to the rolled material at a temperature within a range of from −193to 100° C. in a degree of the processing equal to or more than 50%.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a Cu alloyconductor, comprises:

-   -   a Cu alloy material including In of 0.1-0.7 weight % in a Cu        matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight        ppm), wherein:    -   an average particle diameter of crystal particles forming a        crystal structure is equal to or less than 100 μm; and    -   80% or more of oxides of the In is dispersed in a crystal        structure matrix as micro oxides an average particle diameter of        which is equal to or less than 1 μm.

The Cu alloy conductor may preferably have the tensile strength that isequal to or more than 420 MPa, and

-   -   the conductivity that is equal to or more than 60% IACS.

The Cu alloy conductor may preferably have the tensile strength that isequal to or more than 420 MPa, and the conductivity that is equal to ormore than 75% IACS.

A cable comprises an insulating layer disposed around a single-trackmaterial or a twisted wire material made of the Cu alloy conductoraccording to the six aspect.

A trolley wire comprises the Cu alloy conductor according to the sixthaspect.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, a Cu alloy conductor of highstrength and high electric conductivity can be advantageously obtainedwith high productivity.

These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from thefollowing detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with theannexed drawings, discloses a preferred embodiments of the presentinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments according to the invention will be explainedbelow referring to the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing process of a Cu alloyconductor in a first preferred embodiment according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view showing a trolley wire using theCu alloy conductor in the first preferred embodiment according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 3A is a pattern diagram showing a crystal structure in the Cu alloyconductor in the first preferred embodiment according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 3B is a partial enlarged view showing a region 3B in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4 is a pattern diagram showing a crystal structure in a Cu alloyconductor of the related art;

FIG. 5A is an optical microscope observation view showing a crystalstructure in a Cu alloy conductor in an example 2;

FIG. 5B is an optical microscope observation view showing a crystalstructure in a Cu alloy conductor in a conventional example 1;

FIG. 6A is an SEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the example 2;

FIG. 6B is an SEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the conventional example 1;

FIG. 7A is the SEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the example 2;

FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of an area 7B in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7C is the SEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the example 2;

FIG. 7D is an enlarged view of an area 7D in FIG. 7C;

FIG. 8A is a TEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the example 2;

FIG. 8B is a TEM observation view showing the crystal structure in theCu alloy conductor in the conventional example 1;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing process of a Cu alloyconductor in a second preferred embodiment according to the presentinvention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT First PreferredEmbodiment

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing processes (steps) of manufacturing acopper alloy conductor in a first preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

A method of manufacturing a Cu alloy conductor 18 in the first preferredembodiment comprises:

-   -   a dissolving process (step) for adding and dissolving Sn 12 and        an additive element 13 to a Cu matrix 11 to form a molten Cu        alloy 14 (F1);    -   a casting process (step) for casting the molten Cu alloy 14 to        form a casting material 15 (F2);    -   a hot rolling process (step) for performing a plurality of hot        rolling processes to the casting material 15 to form a rolled        material 16 (F3);    -   a cleansing/reeling off process (step) for cleansing and reeling        off the rolled material 16 to produce a roughing wire 17 (F4);        and    -   a cold work (wire-drawing) process (step) for winding off the        reeled roughing wire 17 and performing a cold work to the reeled        roughing wire 17 to form a Cu alloy conductor 18 (F5).

The Cu alloy conductor 18 is processed to be a wire material or a platematerial in a desired shape in accordance with its application. Anexisting or a conventional continuous casting rolling facility (SCRcontinuous casting machine) can be applied from the dissolving process(F1) to the cleansing/reeling off process (F4). And an existing or aconventional cold work machine can be applied to the cold work process(F5).

The method of manufacturing the Cu alloy conductor 18 will be explainedin more detail as follows.

First, in the dissolving process (F1), Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %,preferably 0.25-0.35 weight %, at least a kind of additive element of0.01-0.7 weight %, preferably 0.01-0.6 weight % having a larger affinitywith oxygen than the Sn, and a sum of the Sn and the additive element of0.3-0.8 weight %, are added and dissolved to a Cu matrix containingoxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 ppm by weight) to form a molten Cualloy. Since the additive element 13 is an element which has a largeaffinity with oxygen, the additive element 13 is oxidized with apriority to Sn 12.

As a result, most (more than 80%) of oxides generated and dispersed inthe crystal structure of a finally obtained Cu alloy conductor 18 becomeoxides of the additive elements and Sn oxides are hardly generated ordispersed. Accordingly most of the added Sn 12 are alloyed with Cu toform a matrix of the Cu alloy conductor.

Herein at least a kind of the additive element 13 having a largechemical attraction with O₂ is a kind of element or a compound selectedout of Ca, Mg, Li, Al, Ti, Si, V, Mn, Zn, In, or Ag, preferably out ofCa, Mg, Al, or Ag.

In a case where a total content of Sn 12 and the additive element isless than 0.3 weight %, even if the manufacturing method according tothe preferred embodiment is applied, an improvement in strength of theCu alloy conductor is not achieved. And in a case where the totalcontent thereof goes beyond 0.8 weight %, hardness of the castingmaterial 15 is increased to increase a deformation resistance duringrolling processing. As a result, a load to the rolling work becomesextremely high, which causes difficulty in commercialization of product.

Therefore, in the preferred embodiment the total content of Sn 12 andthe additive element 13 is appropriately adjusted within the range of0.3-0.8 weight %. As a result, as will be described in Example 1 later,a tension strength of the Cu alloy conductor increases to 420 MPa ormore, as well as the conductivity can be adjusted properly within therange of 60-90% IACS.

As the total content of the Sn 12 and the additive element 13 increases,surface flaws of the rolling material 16 tend to increase in hot rollingduring the hot rolling process (F3). Accordingly in the case of manytotal contents of Sn 12 and the additive element 13 (for example, 0.5weight % or more), Sn 12 and the additive element 13, as well as P maybe added to the Cu matrix 11 to reduce the surface flaws of the rollingmaterial 16. P is added in a ratio equal to or less than 0.01 weight %(100 weight ppm) when the P content is less than 2 ppm, an effect ofreducing the surface flaws of Cu wires is not obtained clearly and onthe other hand, when the the P content goes beyond 100 weight ppm,conductivity of the Cu alloy conductor 18 reduces.

As the total content of Sn 12 and the additive element 13 increase, acrystal particle of the casting material 15 after a casting process (F2)tends to become large in size ( as a result, tendency to slightreduction in strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18). Hence, in a casemany total contents of the Sn 12 and the additive element 13 arecontained (in the case of 0.5 weight % or more), the Sn 12 and theadditive element 13, as well as B may be added to the Cu matrix 11 toreduce sizes of crystal particles of the casting material 15 to beextremely small. B is added in a ratio equal to or less than 0.01 weight% (100 weight ppm) when the B content is less than 2 ppm, an effect ofreducing the sizes of the crystal particles to be extremely small (as aresult, an improvement effect of strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18)can not be obtained sufficiently and on the other hand, the B contentgoes beyond 100 weight ppm, conductivity of the Cu alloy conductor 18reduces.

Further, both P and B may be added in a sum of 0.02 weight % (200 weightppm).

Next, in the casting process (F2) the molten Cu ally 14 obtained in theprevious process is provided to an SCR type of continuous castingrolling. In detail, a casting is performed at a temperature lower than anormal casting temperature (1120-1200° C.) in the SCR continuouscasting, as well as a casting mold (Cu casting mold) is forcibly cooled,which rapidly cools the casting material 15 to a temperature at least15° C. lower than a solidification temperature of the molten Cu alloy14.

By these casting treatment and rapid cooling treatment, a size of oxidescrystallized (or precipitated) in the casting material 15 and a crystalparticle size of the casting material 15 are respectively smaller ascompared to a case where a casting is performed at a normal castingtemperature or where the casting material 15 is cooled only to atemperature exceeding a solidification temperature −15° C. of the moltenCu alloy 14.

Next, in the hot rolling process (F3) a temperature of the castingmaterial 15 is controlled to a temperature 50-100° C. lower than anormal rolling temperature during continuous casting rolling, namely atemperature equal to or less than 900° C., preferably 750-900° C. In thestate a plurality of hot rolling processes are performed to the castingmaterial 15 and in a final rolling process a hot rolling work isperformed at a temperature of from 500 to 600° C. to form the rolledmaterial. When the final rolling temperature is less than 500° C., manysurface flaws are produced during the rolling process, which causesdeterioration of surface quality in the casting material 15. When thefinal rolling temperature is more than 600° C., the crystal structurebecomes a rough structure in the same level as the conventionalstructure.

Due to the hot rolling the oxides in a relatively small sizecrystallized (or precipitated) in the previous process are separated,thereby to reduce the size of the oxides smaller. And since the hotrolling process in the manufacturing method according to the presentembodiment is performed at a temperature lower than in a normal hotrolling, the dislocation introduced during the rolling is rearranged toform a very small sub-boundary in the crystal particle (Sub- boundary;refer to FIG. 3B). A sub-boundary is a boundary between a plurality ofcrystals existing in the crystal particle a direction of which is alittle different.

Next, in the cleansing/reeling off process (F4) the rolling material 16is cleansed and reeled off to form the roughing wire 17. A wire diameterof the reeled roughing wire 17 is set as, for example 8-40 mm,preferably equal to or less than 30 mm. For example, a wire diameter ofthe roughing wire 17 for a trolley line is set as 22-30 mm.

Finally, in a cold work process the reeled wire 17 is wound off and aclod work (wire processing) is performed at a temperature of −193(liquid nitrogen temperature) −100° C., preferably less than −193-25° C.Thereby the Cu alloy conductor 18 is formed. Herein in order to reducean influence (deterioration of strength) of heat generated during acontinuous wiring on the Cu alloy conductor 18, cooling a cold workdevice such as a drawing die is performed, to adjust a wire materialtemperature to be equal to or less than 100° C., preferably 25° C. orless. And in order to improve strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18, itis necessary to sufficiently increase strength of the rolling material16, namely the roughing wire 17 by increasing degree of processing in ahot rolling work. Besides, the degree of processing is required to beequal to or more than 50%. When the degree of processing is less than50%, tension strength exceeding 420 MPa can not be obtained.

FIG. 2 shows a trolley wire using a Cu alloy conductor 18 in thepreferred embodiment. The Cu alloy conductor 18 produced is formed to bein a desired shape suitable for a train wire (trolley wire) 20. Thetrain wire is composed of a train wire body 21 on both sides of whichear grooves 22 a, 22 b for mounting a dropper ear are formed. An outersurface in the lower side of the train wire body 21 is formed in a largearc surface 23 as a portion where a pantograph for train slides, and anouter surface in the upper side of the train wire body 21 is formed tobe in a small arc surface. A cross sectional area of the train 20 is,for example, 110-170 mm².

Next, operations of the preferred embodiment will be explained.

FIG. 4 shows a conventional Cu alloy conductor 40. A crystal structureof the conventional Cu alloy conductor 40 is coarse, namely the crystalparticle 41 thereof is coarse. And an oxide such as Sn is a coarse oxide42 having an average particle diameter (or length) more than 1 μm. Theoxide is not in a crystal boundary 43 of each crystal particle 41 and isdispersed in the crystal structure at a random. Resultantly the tensionstrength of the conventional Cu alloy conductor 40 is not sufficient.

On the other hand, in a method of manufacturing a Cu alloy conductor 18according to the preferred embodiment, a Sn content of 0.1-0.4 weight %,at least a kind of additive element of 0.01-0.7 weight %, and a sum ofSn content and the additive element of 0.3-0.8 weight %, are added anddissolved to a Cu matrix 11 to form a molten Cu alloy. Thereafter, acontinuous casting at a low temperature (a casting temperature of1100-1150° C.), a low temperature rolling work (a final rollingtemperature of 500-600° C.), and a cold work at a temperature adjustedto be equal to or less than 100° C. to avoid an influence of work heatare performed to the molten Cu alloy 14 to form the Cu alloy conductor18.

FIG. 3A shows a Cu alloy conductor 18 of the preferred embodiment formedas described above. In the Cu alloy conductor 18, as compared to theconventional Cu alloy conductor 40, the crystal structure is moremicroscopic, namely an average particle diameter of the crystal particle32 of the Cu alloy conductor 18 is smaller than an average particlediameter of the crystal particle 41 of the conventional Cu alloyconductor 40, and 100 μm or less. And in a matrix of the Cu alloyconductor 18 80% or more of the oxides affinity with oxygen of which isthe largest among additive elements 13 are dispersed in the crystalboundary 33 of each crystal particle 32 as micro oxides 31 having anaverage particle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm. Further, FIG. 3Bis a partial enlarged view of a region 3B in FIG. 3A. In FIG. 3B, amicro sub-boundary is formed inside the crystal particle 32.

This sub-boundary 34 and the micro oxides 31 dispersed in the crystalboundary 33 restrict movement of crystals 35 a-35 c and the crystalboundary 33 where the crystals 35 a-35 c have a slightly differentdirection.

As a result, since growth of each crystal 35 a-35 c and each crystalparticle 32 during hot rolling is restricted, the crystal structure ofthe rolling material 16 becomes extremely small.

As described above, strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18 of thepreferred embodiment is due to an improvement in strength of the Cualloy conductor based upon miniaturization of the crystal particle 32and dispersion of the micro oxides 31 into the matrix. Deterioration ofthe conductivity can be restricted as compared to strength based onlyupon dissolution strength of Sn described in Japanese Unexamined PatentPublication No. 6-240426. Therefore, according to a manufacturing methodof the preferred embodiment a Cu alloy conductor 18 with high tensionstrength can be provided without large deterioration of theconductivity. Namely, as described in a later-described examples, a Cualloy conductor 18 with high conductivity equal to or more than 60%IACS, and also high tension strength equal to or more than 420 MParequired for a high-tension overhead wire can be provided.

And since in a manufacturing method of the preferred embodiment anexisting or conventional continuous casting rolling facility, or a coldwork device can be used, an investment for a new facility is notrequired and accordingly a Cu alloy conductor 18 with high conductivityand high tension strength can be manufactured at a low cost.

And by using a Cu alloy conductor 18 produced based upon a manufacturingmethod of the preferred embodiment, a single wire material or a twistedwire material is formed. A cable (a wiring material, a feeding material)18 with high conductivity and high tension can be obtained by disposinga insulating layer around the single wire material or the twisted wiringmaterial.

As described above, needless to say, the present invention is notlimited to the preferred embodiment, and other various modifications areassumed.

Next, the present invention will be explained based upon examples, butis not limited to these examples.

Example 1

39 kinds of Cu alloy conductors each having a diameter Ø of 23 mm (Cualloy conductor roughing wire for a train wire) are manufactured bychanging a kind and an amount of additive elements added to a Cu matrix,and a final rolling temperature of a hot rolling work. A Cu alloyconductor was manufactured by using a method of manufacturing the Cualloy conductor according to the present invention.

Examples 1-3

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was made by using the Cu alloy conductorin which Sn of 0.3 weight % and In of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.1 weight % wereadded to each Cu matrix containing an oxygen of 10, 350, or 350 weightppm. A final rolling temperature of each was 560° C.

Examples 4-24

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was made by using the Cu alloy conductorin which Sn of 0.3 weight % and at least one kind of the additiveelement of 0.05-0.45 weight % to be selected out of Ca, Mg, Li, Al, Ti,Si, V, Mn, Zn, In, or Ag were added to each Cu matrix containing anoxygen of 350 weight ppm. A final rolling temperature of each was 560°C. The example 5 further contains P of 0.0002 weight % and the example 6further contains P of 0.090 weight %. The example 7 further contains Pof 0.0015 weight % and the example 8 further contains P of 0.0090 weight%.

Examples 25, 26

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was made by using the Cu alloy conductorin which Sn of 0.3 weight % and In of 0.5 weight % were added to each Cumatrix containing an oxygen of 400 or 410 weight ppm. A final rollingtemperature of each was 560° C. The example 25 further contains P of0.0038 weight %.

Conventional Examples 1-5

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was made by using the Cu alloy conductorin which Sn of 0.3 weight % was added to each Cu matrix containing anoxygen of 350 weight ppm. A final rolling temperature of each was 620°C., 600° C., 580° C., 500° C., and 480° C.

Conventional Examples 6-12

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was made by using the Cu alloy conductorin which Sn of 0.3 weight % was added to each Cu matrix containing anoxygen of 5, 10, 30, 400, 800, 1000, or 1200 weight ppm. A final rollingtemperature of each was 560° C. Note that since oxygen free highconductivity copper does not contain oxygen, a Cu alloy conductor usingthe oxygen free high conductivity copper was not used as a Cu matrix.

Conventional Example 13

A Cu alloy conductor was made by using the Cu alloy conductor in whichSn of 0.3 weight % and In of 0.6 weight % were added to the Cu matrixcontaining an extremely slight amount of oxygen as much as unmeasurable.A final rolling temperature was 560° C. TABLE 1 (UNIT: WEIGHT %) FINALROLLING O TEM- WEIGHT PERA- PPM Sn Ca Mg Li Al Ti Si V Mn Zn In Ag P BTURE EXAMPLE 1 10 0.3 — — — — — — — — —  0.05 — — — 560° C. 2 350 0.3 —— — — — — — — — 0.1 — — — 560° C. 3 1000 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.1 — — —560° C. 4 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.2 — — — 560° C. 5 350 0.3 — — — —— — — — — 0.2 — 0.0002 — 560° C. 6 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.2 —0.0090 — 560° C. 7 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.2 — — 0.0015 560° C. 8350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.2 — — 0.0090 560° C. 9 350 0.3 0.05 — — — —— — — — — — — 560° C. 10 350 0.3 — 0.05 — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 11350 0.3 — — 0.05 — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 12 350 0.3 — — — 0.05 — — —— — — — — — 560° C. 13 350 0.3 — — — — 0.05 — — — — — — — — 560° C. 14350 0.3 — — — — — 0.05 — — — — — — — 560° C. 15 350 0.3 — — — — — — 0.05— — — — — — 560° C. 16 350 0.3 — — — — — — — 0.05 — — — — — 560° C. 17350 0.3 — — — — — — — — 0.05 — — — — 560° C. 18 350 0.3 — — — — — — — ——  0.05 0.05 — — 560° C. 19 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — 0.05 — — 560° C.20 350 0.3 — 0.05 — — — — — — — 0.1 — — — 560° C. 21 350 0.3 0.05 — — —— — — — — 0.1 — — — 560° C. 22 350 0.3 — 0.05 — — — — — — — 0.4 — — —560° C. 23 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.4 0.05 — — 560° C. 24 350 0.3 — —— — — — — — — 0.1 0.05 — — 560° C. 25 400 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.5 —0.0038 — 570° C. 26 410 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.5 — — — 560° C. CONVEN-1 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 620° C. TIONAL 2 350 0.3 — — — — — —— — — — — — — 600° C. EXAMPLE 3 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 580°C. 4 350 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 500° C. 5 350 0.3 — — — — — — — —— — — — — 480° C. 6 5 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 7 10 0.3 — —— — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 8 30 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C.9 400 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 10 800 0.3 — — — — — — — — —— — — — 560° C. 11 1000 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 12 12000.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 560° C. 13 INCA- 0.3 — — — — — — — — — 0.6— — — 580° C. PABLE MEAS- UREMENT

Table 1 shows manufacturing conditions of Cu alloy conductors for theexamples 1-26 and the conventional examples 1-13.

Next, the trolley wires having a cross sectional area of 170 mm² shownin FIG. 2 were made by using the Cu alloy conductors for the examples1-26 and the conventional examples 1-13.

Table 2 shows tension strength (MPa), conductivity, ratio of oxygen,existence of sub-boundary, size of crystal particle, surface quality,hot rolling property, and evaluation result for each trolley wire.

With regard to conductivity, “OK” means that the conductivity is 60-90%IACS and “NG” means that the conductivity is less than 60%.

With regard to a ratio of oxide, “OK” means that a ratio of oxide havingan average particle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm is equal to ormore than 80% and “NG” means that a ratio of oxide having an averageparticle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm is less than 80%.

With regard to existence of sub-boundary, “OK” means that thesub-boundary is observed in the crystal particle and “NG” means that thesub-boundary is not observed therein.

With regard to size of crystal particle, assuming that an averageparticle diameter of crystal particles for a trolley wire is set as 1,“OK” means that the size of the crystal particle is less than 0.5, and“NG” means that the size of the crystal particle is 0.5-1.

With regard to surface quality, “OK” means that a few surface flawsexist after hot rolling and “NG” means that many surface flaws existafter hot rolling.

With regard to hot rolling property, “OK” means that hot rollingproperty is good and “NG” means that hot rolling property is bad.

With regard to evaluation result, “OK” means a good example and “NG”means a defect example. TABLE 2 EXISTENCE TENSION OF SIZE OF HOTSTRENGTH CONDUC- RATIO OF SUB- CRYSTAL SURFACE ROLLING EVALUATION (MPa)TIVITY OXIDE BOUNDARY PARTICLE QUALITY PROPERTY RESULT EXAMPLE 1 430 OKOK OK OK OK OK OK 2 442 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 3 437 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK4 442 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 5 443 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 6 443 OK OK OK OKOK OK OK 7 447 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 8 448 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 9 440 OKOK OK OK OK OK OK 10 445 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 11 442 OK OK OK OK OK OKOK 12 449 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 13 446 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 14 445 OK OKOK OK OK OK OK 15 445 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 16 447 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK17 440 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 18 445 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 19 441 OK OK OKOK OK OK OK 20 448 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 21 447 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 22448 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 23 451 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 24 447 OK OK OK OKOK OK OK 25 518 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 26 514 OK OK OK OK OK OK OKCONVENTIONAL 1 410 OK NG NG NG OK OK NG EXAMPLE 2 415 OK NG OK NG OK OKNG 3 417 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 4 420 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 5 421 OK NG OKNG NG OK NG 6 410 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 7 410 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 8 412OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 9 415 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 10 418 OK NG OK NG OK OKNG 11 420 OK NG OK NG OK OK NG 12 — — NG OK NG OK NG NG 13 — — — — — — —NG

Table 2 shows evaluation results for examples 1-26 and conventionalexamples 1-13 in terms of the required properties each trolley wireproduced by using each Cu alloy conductor for the examples 1-26 had atension strength equal to or more than 420 Mpa and a conductivity equalto or more than 60% IACS. In each trolley wire, a ratio of oxides havingan average particle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm was equal to ormore than 80% and the sub-boundary was observed in the crystal particleand the size of the crystal particle was less than 0.5. Further, eachtrolley wire showed a few surface flaws, a good surface quality, and agood hot rolling property. In particular, in the cases of the examples25, 26 containing In of 0.5 weight % as an additive element, a hightension strength exceeding 500 MPa was produced and the evaluationresult of each was also good.

On the other hand, each trolley wire produced by using each Cu alloyconductor for the conventional examples 1-5, since each Cu matrix didnot contain an additive element, showed a few ratios of the micro oxidesand large crystal particles only. And although the conductivity wasgood, the tension strength was less than 420 MPa except for theconventional examples 4, 5. In particular, in the case of theconventional example 1, since the final rolling temperature was toohigh, the dislocation introduced during rolling was not rearranged, andthe sub-boundary was not formed. Accordingly the tension strength wasthe smallest among the conventional examples 1-5. In the case of theconventional example 5, since the final rolling temperature was too low,many flaws were generated on the trolley wire surface and the surfacequality was bad. Therefore, the evaluation result of each of theconventional examples 1-5 was no good.

And each trolley wire produced by using each Cu alloy conductor for theconventional examples 6-12, since the oxygen content and Sn content werewithin the range of the present invention, but the Cu matrix did notcontain the additive element, had a small ratio of micro oxides andlarge crystal particles only. And the conductivity was good, but thetension strength was less than 420 MPa in the conventional examplesother than the conventional example 11. In particular, in the case ofthe conventional example 12, due to too many oxygen contents the hotrolling property was bad. Therefore, the evaluation result for each ofthe conventional examples 6-12 was bad.

Further, the trolley wire produced by using each Cu alloy conductor forthe conventional example 13 had a high hardness, since Sn content andthe final rolling temperature were within the range of the presentinvention, but the ratio of the additive elements added to the Cu alloyconductor was too many. As a result, a load in the hot rolling becameextremely high to make it impossible to manufacture the rollingmaterial.

Example 2

A structure observation was made with regard to each Cu alloy conductorfor the example 2 and the conventional example 1 in Example 1. Thestructure observation was made by using an optical microscope, SEM(scanning electron microscope), and TEM (transmission electronmicroscope).

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively show the crystal structures 51 and 52.The crystal particle size of the crystal structure 51 in the Cu alloyconductor of the example 2 shown in FIG. 5A was microscopic as comparedto the crystal particle size of the crystal structure 52 in the Cu alloyconductor of the conventional example 1 shown in FIG. 5B. When anaverage particle diameter of the crystal particle of the crystalstructure 52 was set as 1, the crystal particle size of the crystalstructure 51 was less than approximately 0.5. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6Brespectively show the oxides 61 and 62. Oxides (SnO2) in the Cu alloyconductor of conventional 1 shown in FIG. 6B were composed of manycoarse oxides having an average particle diameter equal to or more than1 μm and some of them were coarse oxides having a particle diameter 10μm or more. On the other hand, almost all oxides (In2O3) in the Cu alloyconductor of the example 2 shown in FIG. 6A were composed of microoxides having an average particle diameter less than 1 μm.

From a more detailed observation on the Cu alloy conductor in theexample 2, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, some portions of the surface ofthe crystal boundary 71 were exposed by etching where the micro oxides(In2O3) were crystallized by priority. And as shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D,micro oxides 76, 77 were observed even in the crystal boundaries 73, 74in the crystal structure. The oxides 75 having an average particlediameter more than 1 μm observed in FIG. 7C were Sn oxides (SnO2) andthe dispersion amount was very smaller as compared to the dispersionamount of each micro oxide 72, 76, and 77. Namely most of the oxidesdispersed in the crystal structure were In oxides having a largeraffinity with oxygen than that of Sn and were dispersed in the crystalboundaries 71, 73, and 74.

FIGS. 8A and 8B respectively show a crystal structure of the Cu alloyconductor in the example 2 and a crystal structure of the Cu alloyconductor in the conventional example 1. In the crystal structure inFIG. 8B, the sub-boundary was observed in each crystal particle 81, 82.On the other hand, in the crystal structure in FIG. 8A, only the crystalboundary 87 was observed and the sub-boundary was not observed in eachcrystal particle 84-86. The hardness in example 2 was twice the hardnessin the conventional example 1 due to the existence of the sub-boundary83, namely the Cu alloy conductor in the example 2 was harder than thatin the conventional example 1. That is, it is thought that high hardnessof the crystal particle due to the sub-boundary 83 contributes to animprovement of tension strength in the Cu alloy conductor.

Second Preferred Embodiment

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing processes (steps) of manufacturing a Cualloy conductor in a second preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

A method of manufacturing a Cu alloy conductor 18 in the secondpreferred embodiment comprises:

-   -   a dissolving process (step) for adding and dissolving In 12 to a        Cu matrix 11 to form a molten Cu alloy 14 (F1);    -   a casting process (step) for casting the molten Cu alloy 14 to        form a casting material 15 (F2);    -   a hot rolling process (step) for performing a plurality of hot        rolling processes to the casting material 15 to form a rolled        material 16 (F3);    -   a cleansing/reeling off process (step) for cleansing and then        reeling off the rolled material 16 to produce a roughing wire 17        (F4); and    -   a coldwork (wire-drawing) process (step) for winding off the        reeled roughing wire 17 and performing a cold work to the reeled        roughing wire 17 to form a Cu alloy conductor 18 (F5).

The Cu alloy conductor 18 is processed to be a wire material or a platematerial in a desired shape in accordance with its application. Anexisting or a conventional continuous casting rolling facility (SCRcontinuous casting machine) can be applied from the dissolving process(F1) to the cleansing/reeling off process (F4) And an existing or aconventional cold work machine can be applied to the cold work step(F5).

The method of manufacturing the Cu alloy conductor 18 will be explainedin more detail as follows.

First, in the dissolving process (F1), In 12 of 0.1-0.7 weight %,preferably 0.2-0.6 weight %, further preferably 0.3-0.5 weight % isadded and dissolved to a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight% (10-1000 weight ppm) to form a molten Cu alloy. The In 12 is oxidizedand is generated and dispersed as In oxide (In2O3) in a crystalstructure of the Cu alloy conductor 18 to be finally obtained. Most (80%or more) of the In oxides are micro oxides having an average particlediameter equal to or less than 1 μm. The Cu matrix may containobligatory impurities.

In a case where a content of the In 12 is less than 0.1 weight %, evenif the manufacturing method according to the preferred embodiment isapplied, an improvement in strength of the Cu alloy conductor is notachieved. And in a case where the content of the In 12 goes beyond 0.7weight %, hardness of the casting material 15 is increased to increase adeformation resistance during rolling processing. As a result, a load tothe rolling work becomes extremely high, which causes difficulty incommercialization of product. As the content of the In increases in therange where the content of the In 12 is 0.1-0.7 weight %, theconductivity gradually deteriorates.

Therefore, in the preferred embodiment the content of the In 12 isappropriately adjusted within the range of 0.1-0.7 weight %. As aresult, as will be described in [Example] later, a tension strength ofthe Cu alloy conductor increases to 420 MPa or more, as well as theconductivity can be adjusted properly within the range of 60-95% IACS,preferably 75-95% IACS, and further preferably 83-95% IACS.

As the content of the In 12 increases, surface flaws of the rollingmaterial 16 tend to increase in hot rolling during the hot rolling step(F3). Accordingly in the case of many contents of the In 12 (forexample, 0.5 weight % or more), the In 12, as well as P may be added tothe Cu matrix 11 to reduce the surface flaws of the rolling material 16.P is added in a ratio equal to or less than 0.01 weight % (100 weightppm). when the P content is less than 2 ppm, an effect of reducing thesurface flaws of Cu wires is not obtained clearly and on the other hand,when the P content goes beyond 100 weight ppm, conductivity of the Cualloy conductor 18 reduces.

As the content of the In 12 increases, a crystal particle of the castingmaterial 15 after a casting step (F2) tends to become large in size (asa result, tendency to slight reduction in strength of the Cu alloyconductor 18). Hence, in a case many contents of the In 12 are contained(in the case of 0.5 weight % or more), the In 12, as well as B may beadded to the Cu matrix 11 to reduce sizes of crystal particles of thecasting material 15 to be extremely small. B is added in a ratio equalto or less than 0.01 weight % (100 weight ppm). when the B content isless than 2 ppm, an effect of reducing the sizes of the crystalparticles to be extremely small (as a result, an improvement effect ofstrength of the Cu alloy conductor 18) can not be obtained sufficientlyand on the other hand, the B content goes beyond 100 weight ppm,conductivity of the Cu alloy conductor 18 reduces.

Further, both P and B may be added in a sum of 0.02 weight % (200 weightppm).

As the oxygen content increases in the range where the oxygen content ofthe Cu matrix 11 is 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight %), both thetension strength and the conductivity gradually improve.

Next, in the casting step (F2) the molten Cu ally 14 obtained in theprevious step is provided to an SCR type of continuous casting rolling.In detail, a casting is performed at a temperature lower than a normalcasting temperature (1120-1200° C.) in the SCR continuous casting, aswell as a casting mold (Cu casting mold) is forcibly cooled, whichrapidly cools the casting material 15 to a temperature at least 15° C.lower than a solidification temperature of the molten Cu alloy 14.

By these casting treatment and rapid cooling treatment, a size of oxidescrystallized (or precipitated) in the casting material 15 and a crystalparticle size of the casting material 15 are respectively smaller ascompared to a case where a casting is performed at a normal castingtemperature or where the casting material 15 is cooled only to atemperature exceeding a solidification temperature −15° C. of the moltenCu alloy 14.

Next, in the hot rolling step (F3) a temperature of the casting material15 is controlled to a temperature 50-100° C. lower than a normal rollingtemperature during continuous casting rolling, namely a temperatureequal to or less than 900° C., preferably 750-900° C. In the state aplurality of hot rolling processes are performed to the casting material15 and in a final rolling step a hot rolling work is performed at atemperature of from 500 to 600° C. to form the rolled material. When thefinal rolling temperature is less than 500° C., many surface flaws areproduced during the rolling process, which causes deterioration ofsurface quality in the casting material 15. When the final rollingtemperature is more than 600° C., the crystal structure becomes a roughstructure in the same level as the conventional structure. Herein as thefinal rolling temperature increases in the range where the final rollingtemperature is 500-600° C., the tension strength gradually decreases,but the conductivity gradually increases.

Due to the hot rolling the oxides in a relatively small sizecrystallized (or precipitated) in the previous step are separated,thereby to reduce the size of the oxides smaller. And since the hotrolling process in the manufacturing method according to the presentembodiment is performed at a temperature lower than in a normal hotrolling, the dislocation introduced during the rolling is rearranged toform a very small sub-boundary in the crystal particle. A sub-boundaryis a boundary between a plurality of crystals existing in the crystalparticle a direction of which is a little different.

Next, in the cleansing/reeling off step (F4) the rolling material 16 iscleansed and reeled off to form the roughing wire 17. A wire diameter ofthe reeled roughing wire 17 is set as, for example 8-40 mm, preferablyequal to or less than 30 mm. For example, a wire diameter of theroughing wire 17 for a trolley line is set as 22-30 mm.

Finally, in a cold work step the reeled wire 17 is wound off and a clodwork (wire processing) is performed at a temperature of −193 (liquidnitrogen temperature) −100° C., preferably less than −193-25° C. Therebythe Cu alloy conductor 18 is formed. Herein in order to reduce aninfluence (deterioration of strength) of heat generated during acontinuous wiring on the Cu alloy conductor 18, cooling a cold workdevice such as a drawing die is performed, to adjust a wire materialtemperature to be equal to or less than 100° C., preferably 25° C. orless. And in order to improve strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18, itis necessary to sufficiently increase strength of the rolling material16, namely the roughing wire 17 by increasing degree of processing in ahot rolling work. Besides, the degree of processing is required to beequal to or more than 50%. When the degree of processing is less than50%, tension strength exceeding 420 MPa can not be obtained.

The Cu alloy conductor 18 produced is formed to be in a desired shapesuitable for its use, for example a train wire (trolley wire). A crosssectional area of the train wire is, for example, 110-170 mm².

Next, operations of the preferred embodiment will be explained.

A crystal structure of a conventional Cu alloy conductor is coarse. Andan oxide such as Sn is a coarse oxide 42 having an average particlediameter (or length) more than 1 μm. As a result, the tension strengthof the conventional Cu alloy conductor is not sufficient.

On the other hand, in a method of manufacturing a Cu alloy conductor 18according to the preferred embodiment, the In 12 of 0.1-0.7 weight % isadded to a Cu matrix 11 to form a molten Cu alloy 14. Thereafter, acontinuous casting at a low temperature (a casting temperature of1100-1150° C.), a low temperature rolling work (a final rollingtemperature of 500-600° C.), and a cold work at a temperature adjustedto be equal to or less than 100° C. to avoid an influence of work heatare performed to the molten Cu alloy 14 to form the Cu alloy conductor18.

In the Cu alloy conductor 18, as compared to the conventional Cu alloyconductor, the crystal structure is more microscopic, namely an averageparticle diameter of the crystal particle of the Cu alloy conductor 18is smaller than an average particle diameter of the crystal particle ofthe conventional Cu alloy conductor, and 100 μm or less. And in a matrixof the Cu alloy conductor 18 the In 12 oxides are dispersed and 80% ormore of the In 12 oxides is micro oxides having an average particlediameter equal to or less than 1 μm.

The micro oxides dispersed in the matrix restricts movement of crystalsand the crystal boundary due to heat (sensible heat) that the castingmaterial 15 owns. As a result, since growth of each crystal particle 32during hot rolling is restricted, the crystal structure of the rollingmaterial 16 becomes extremely small.

As a result, strength of the Cu alloy conductor 18 of the preferredembodiment is due to an improvement in strength of the Cu alloyconductor based upon miniaturization of the crystal particle anddispersion of the micro oxides into the matrix. Deterioration of theconductivity can be restricted as compared to strength based only upondissolution strength of Sn described in Japanese Unexamined PatentPublication No. 6-240426. Therefore, according to a manufacturing methodof the preferred embodiment a Cu alloy conductor 18 with high tensionstrength can be provided without large deterioration of theconductivity. Namely, as described in a later-described examples, a Cualloy conductor 18 (trolley wire) with high conductivity equal to ormore than 60% IACS, and also high tension strength equal to or more than420 MPa required for a high-tension overhead wire can be provided.

And since in a manufacturing method of the preferred embodiment anexisting or conventional continuous casting rolling facility, or a coldwork device can be used, an investment for a new facility is notrequired and accordingly a Cu alloy conductor 18 with high conductivityand high tension strength can be manufactured at a low cost.

And by using a Cu alloy conductor 18 produced based upon a manufacturingmethod of the preferred embodiment, a single wire material or a twistedwire material is formed. A cable (a wiring material, a feeding material)18 with high conductivity and high tension can be obtained by disposinga insulating layer around the single wire material or the twisted wiringmaterial.

As described above, needless to say, the present invention is notlimited to the preferred embodiment, and other various modifications areassumed.

Next, the present invention will be explained based upon examples, butis not limited to these examples.

EXAMPLE

Cu alloy conductors each having a diameter Ø of 23 mm (Cu alloyconductor roughing wire for a train wire) were manufactured by changinga kind and an amount of additive elements added to a Cu matrix, and afinal rolling temperature of a hot rolling work. A Cu alloy conductorwas manufactured by using a method of manufacturing the Cu alloyconductor according to the present invention.

Examples 1-3

Each of the Cu alloy conductors was produced by using the Cu alloymaterial in which In of 0.3, 0.4, or 0.6 weight % were added to each Cumatrix containing an oxygen of 10 weight ppm. A final rollingtemperature of each was 560° C.

Examples 4-6

Cu alloy conductors were produced the same as the examples 1-3 exceptthat the oxygen content was 350 weight %. The final rolling temperatureof each example was 560° C.

Examples 7-9

Cu alloy conductors were produced the same as the examples 1-3 exceptthat the oxygen content was 500 weight %. A final rolling temperature ofeach example was 560° C.

Example 10

A Cu alloy conductor was produced by using a Cu alloy material in whichIn of 0.6 weight % and P of 0.0050 weight % were added to a Cu matrixcontaining an oxygen of 350 weight ppm. A final rolling temperature was560° C.

Example 11

A Cu alloy conductor was produced by using a Cu alloy material in whichIn of 0.6 weight % and B of 0.0050 weight % were added to a Cu matrixcontaining an oxygen of 350 weight ppm. A final rolling temperature was560° C.

Conventional Examples 1-3

Cu alloy conductors were produced by using a Cu alloy material in whichSn of 0.3 weight % was added to each Cu matrix containing oxygen of 350weight ppm. A final rolling temperature of each conventional example was560° C.

Conventional Example 4

A Cu alloy conductor was produced by using a Cu alloy material in whichSn of 0.3 weight % was added to a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 10weight ppm. A final rolling temperature was 560° C.

Conventional Example 5

A Cu alloy conductor was produced by using a Cu alloy material in whichSn of 0.3 weight % was added to a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 500weight ppm. A final rolling temperature was 560° C.

Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions (oxygen content, kind andcontent of an additive element, and final temperature) of the examples1-11 and the conventional 1-5. TABLE 3 O FINAL ROLLING WEIGHT PPM Sn InP B TEMPERATURE EXAMPLE 1 10 — 0.3 — — 560° C. 2 10 — 0.4 — — 560° C. 310 — 0.6 — — 560° C. 4 350 — 0.3 — — 560° C. 5 350 — 0.4 — — 560° C. 6350 — 0.6 — — 560° C. 7 500 — 0.3 — — 560° C. 8 500 — 0.4 — — 560° C. 9500 — 0.6 — — 560° C. 10 350 — 0.6 0.0050 — 560° C. 11 350 — 0.6 —0.0050 560° C. CONVENTIONAL 1 350 0.3 — — — 650° C. EXAMPLE 2 350 0.3 —— — 600° C. 3 350 0.3 — — — 560° C. 4 10 0.3 — — — 560° C. 5 500 0.3 — —— 560° C.(UNIT: WEIGHT %)

Next, the trolley wires having a cross sectional area of 170 mm² weremade by using the Cu alloy conductors for the examples 1-11 and theconventional examples 1-5.

Table 3 shows tension strength (MPa), conductivity, a ratio of oxygen,sizes of crystal particles, surface quality, and hot rolling propertyfor each trolley wire.

With regard to a ratio of oxide, “OK” means that a ratio of oxide havingan average particle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm is equal to ormore than 80% and “NG” means that a ratio of oxide having an averageparticle diameter equal to or less than 1 μm is less than 80%.

With regard to sizes of crystal particles, assuming that an averageparticle diameter of crystal particles for a trolley wire is set as 1.0,“OK” means that the size of the crystal particle is less than 0.5, and“NG” means that the size of the crystal particle is 0.5-1.

With regard to surface quality, “OK” means that a few surface flaws weregenerated after hot rolling and “NG” means that many surface flaws weregenerated after hot rolling.

With regard to hot rolling property, “OK” means that hot rollingproperty was good and “NG” means that hot rolling property was bad.TABLE 4 TENSION SIZE OF STRENGTH CONDUCTIVITY RATIO OF CRYSTAL SURFACEHOT ROLLING (MPa) (% IACS) OXIDE PARTICLE QUALITY PROPERTY EXAMPLE 1 42290 OK OK OK OK 2 441 85 OK OK OK OK 3 450 78 OK OK OK OK 4 421 92 OK OKOK OK 5 440 87 OK OK OK OK 6 448 80 OK OK OK OK 7 423 94 OK OK OK OK 8442 89 OK OK OK OK 9 449 82 OK OK OK OK 10 447 79 OK OK OK OK 11 449 80OK OK OK OK CONVENTIONAL 1 410 83 NG NG OK OK EXAMPLE 2 415 82 NG NG OKOK 3 417 80 NG NG OK OK 4 416 75 NG NG OK OK 5 417 84 NG NG OK OK

Table 4 shows the evaluation for the examples 1-11 and the conventionalexamples 1-5. Each trolley wire produced by using each Cu alloyconductor for the examples 1-11 had a tension strength equal to or morethan 420 MPa and a conductivity equal to or more than 60% IACS. In eachtrolley wire, a ratio of oxides having an average particle diameterequal to or less than 1 μm was equal to or more than 80% and thesub-boundary was observed in the crystal particle and the size of thecrystal particle was less than 0.5. Further, each trolley wire showed afew surface flaws, a good surface quality, and a good hot rollingproperty.

As a result of comparing each trolley wire produced by using each Cualloy conductor for the examples 1-3, 4-5, and 7-9, was found that asthe In content increases, the tension strength improves, but theconductivity deteriorates.

As a result of comparing each trolley wire produced by using each Cualloy conductor for the examples 6 and 10, it was found that the example10 having P shows a better surface quality.

As a result of comparing each trolley wire produced by using each Cualloy conductor for the examples 6 and 11, it was found that the example11 having B shows a slightly higher tension strength.

On the other hand, each trolley wire produced by using each Cu alloyconductor for the conventional examples 1-5, since the element added toeach Cu matrix was not the In, but the Sn, showed a small ratio of themicro oxides and obtained large crystal particles only. And although theconductivity of each was equal to or more than 75% IACS and was good,the tension strength of each was less than 420 MPa.

As a result of comparing each trolley wire produced by using each Cualloy conductor for the conventional examples 1-3, it was found that asthe final rolling temperature decreases, the tension strength improves,but the conductivity deteriorates. As a result of comparing each trolleywire produced by using each Cu alloy conductor for the conventionalexamples 3-5, it was found that as the oxygen content increases, boththe tension strength and the conductivity improve.

Although the invention has been described with respect to the specificembodiments for complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims arenot to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying allmodifications and alternative constructions that may occur to oneskilled in the art which fairly fall within the basic teaching hereinset forth.

1. a Cu alloy material, comprising: a Cu matrix containing oxygen of0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm), Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %, and atleast a kind of an additive element of 0.01-0.7 weight % having a largeraffinity with oxygen than the Sn, wherein a ratio of a sum of the Sn andthe additive element is 0.3-0.8 weight %.
 2. The Cu alloy materialaccording to claim 1, wherein: the additive element comprises at least akind of an element to be selected out of Ca, Mg, Li, Al, Ti, Si, V, Mn,Zn, In or Ag, or a compound thereof.
 3. The Cu alloy material accordingto claim 1, wherein: the Cu matrix, besides the Sn and the additiveelement, contains P or B equal to or less than 0.01 weight % (100 weightppm).
 4. The Cu alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: the Cumatrix, besides the Sn and the additive element, contains a sum of P andB equal to or less than 0.02 weight % (200 weight ppm).
 5. A method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor with use of a rolled material formedin a continuous casting and rolling process by using a molten Cu alloy,comprises the steps of: adding and dissolving Sn of 0.1-0.4 weight %, atleast a kind of an additive element of 0.01-0.7 weight % having a largeraffinity with oxygen than Sn, and a sum of the Sn and the additiveelement of 0.3-0.8 weight %, to a Cu matrix containing oxygen of0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm) to form the molten Cu alloy;performing a continuous casting with the molten Cu alloy, as well asrapidly quenching a casting material to a temperature at least 15° C.lower than a melting point of the molten Cu alloy; controlling thecasting material at a temperature equal to or lower than 900° C.; andperforming a plurality of hot rolling processes to the casting materialsuch that a temperature of a final hot rolling is within a range of from500 to 600° C. to form the rolled material.
 6. The method ofmanufacturing a Cu alloy conductor according to claim 5, wherein: the Cualloy conductor is formed by performing a cold work to the rolledmaterial at a temperature within a range of from −193 to 100° C. at adegree of the processing equal to or more than 50%.
 7. A Cu alloyconductor, comprising: a Cu alloy material, comprising: a Cu matrixcontaining oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm), Sn of0.1-0.4 weight %, and at least a kind of an additive element of 0.01-0.7weight % having a larger affinity with oxygen than the Sn, wherein aratio of a sum of the Sn and the additive element is 0.3-0.8 weight %,wherein: an average particle diameter of crystal particles forming acrystal structure is equal to or less than 100 μm; and 80% or more ofoxides of an element having the largest affinity with oxygen out of theadditive elements is dispersed in a crystal structure matrix as microoxides an average particle diameter of which is equal to or 1 μm.
 8. TheCu alloy conductor according to claim 7, wherein: the tension strengthis equal to or more than 420 MPa; and the electric conductivity is equalto or more than 60% IACS.
 9. A cable, comprising: an insulating layerdisposed around a single-track material or a twisted wire material madeof the Cu alloy conductor according to claim
 7. 10. A Cu alloy material,comprising: a Cu matrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000weight ppm), wherein: In of 0.1-0.7 weight % is contained.
 11. The Cualloy material according to claim 10, wherein: in addition to the In, Por B of equal to or less than 0.01 weight % (100 weight ppm) iscontained.
 12. The Cu alloy material according to claim 10, wherein: inaddition to the In, a sum of P and B of equal to or less than 0.02weight % (200 weight ppm) is contained.
 13. A method of manufacturing aCu alloy conductor with use of a rolled material formed in a continuouscasting and rolling process by using a molten Cu alloy, comprising thesteps of: adding and dissolving In of 0.1-0.7 weight % to a Cu matrixcontaining oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm) to form themolten Cu alloy; performing a continuous casting with the molten Cualloy, as well as rapidly quenching a casting material to a temperatureat least 15° C. lower than a melting point of the molten Cu alloy;controlling the casting material at a temperature equal to or lower than900° C.,and performing a plurality of hot rolling processes to thecasting material such that the temperature of a final hot rolling iswithin a range from 500 to 600° C., to form the rolled material.
 14. Themethod of manufacturing the Cu alloy conductor according to claim 13,wherein: performing a cold work to the rolled material at a temperatureof from −193 to 100° C. in a degree of processing equal to or more than50% to form the Cu alloy conductor.
 15. A Cu alloy conductor,comprising: a Cu alloy material including In of 0.1-0.7 weight % in a Cumatrix containing oxygen of 0.001-0.1 weight % (10-1000 weight ppm),wherein: an average particle diameter of crystal particles forming acrystal structure is equal to or less than 100 μm; and 80% or more ofoxides of the In is dispersed in a crystal structure matrix as microoxides an average particle diameter of which is equal to or less than 1μm.
 16. The Cu alloy conductor according to claim 15, wherein: thetensile strength is equal to or more than 420 MPa; and the conductivityis equal to or more than 60% IACS.
 17. The Cu alloy conductor accordingto claim 15, wherein: the tensile strength is equal to or more than 420MPa; and the conductivity is equal to or more than 75% IACS.
 18. Acable, comprising: an insulating layer disposed around a single-trackmaterial or a twisted wire material made of the Cu alloy conductoraccording to claim
 15. 19. A trolley wire, comprising: the Cu alloyconductor according to claim 15.